Criminal tattoo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Criminal tattoos are a type of tattoos associated with criminals to show gang membership. This forces inmates to find ways to create their own tattooing devices out of their belongings. Improvised tattooing equipment has been assembled from materials such as mechanical pencils, magnets, radio transistors, staples, paper clips or guitar strings.
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Banerjee wrote in 1. Wall Street Journal about tattoos in Russian prisons.
Tattoos are created by instilling pigment in the skin with thousands of needle pricks. In the camps, the process can take anywhere from a few hours to a few years, depending on the artist and his ambition, says Mr. Because of prison conditions, tattoo artists have to improvise with materials and equipment.
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For instance, they will draw a picture on a wooden plank, place needles along the lines of the design, cover the needles with ink and stamp the whole tableau on the prisoner's body. Another method is to slice the image onto the skin with a razor and daub the cut with indelible ink. Usually, prisoners manage to get an electric shaver and a syringe with a needle, which they jury- rig into a tattooing machine. Ink is hard to come by, so to make dye, artists will often burn the heel of a shoe, and mix the ash with the prisoner's own urine - - a practice convicts believe reduces the chance of infection. Not only do the symbols carry meaning but the area of the body on which they are placed may be meaningful too. The initiation tattoo of a new gang member is usually placed on the chest and may incorporate a rose.
A rose on the chest is also used within the Russian Mafia. Wearing false or unearned tattoos is punishable in the criminal underworld, usually by removal of the tattoo, followed by beatings and sometimes rape, or even murder. Tattoos can be removed (voluntarily, in the case of loss of rank, new affiliation, . This powder is gained by filing . Arkady Bronnikov can tell the prisoner's story from looking at the designs on his body. The huge spider in a web that is drawn on his skull reveals, in prison tattoo code, that he is a drug addict. Also, he is a repeat offender: The onion domes of a Russian church fan across his shoulder blades, each of the seven cupolas representing a different stay in prison.
Above the church, across the back of his neck, the convict has stencilled, in Russian, . The ink is often created from burning the heel of a shoe and mixing the soot with urine, and injected into the skin utilizing a sharpened guitar string attached to an electric shaver.
Artists used sewing needles sharpened on concrete cell floors. Sometimes, portraits of Stalin and Lenin- -with or without horns- -were in fashion, sometimes monasteries and medieval knights. Occasionally, caricatures of Communists with pig snouts or prison guards in wolf guise were the rage. Maps of the gulag system, with Russia portrayed as a giant prison camp might be etched across someone's back. Crucifixion scenes were popular. Ronald Reagan was even a subject, according to a Russian dictionary of prison slang. These tattoos may be placed on an individual who fails to pay debts in card games, or otherwise breaks the criminal code, and often have very blatant sexual images, embarrassing the wearer.
Tattoos on the forehead are sometimes forcibly applied, and designed both to humiliate the bearer and warn others about him or her. They frequently consist of slurs about the bearer's ethnicity, sexual orientation, or perceived collusion with the prison authorities. They can indicate that the bearer is a member of a political group considered offensive by other prisoners (e. Vlasovite), or has been convicted of a crime (such as child rape) which is disapproved of by other criminals. They can also advertise that the bearer is .
Voluntary facial tattoos signify that the bearer does not expect to be released back into normal society within his lifetime, and will usually consist of tattoos on the eyelids of messages such as . They are often tattooed on the stomach of a thief in law, as a means of acquiring status in the criminal community.
A Russian criminologist, Yuri Dubyagin, has claimed that, during the Soviet era, there existed . Often worn on the arm or hand used for the assault. Taken from the California penal code. Barbed wire across the forehead signifies a sentence of life imprisonment without possibility of parole (tattoos on the face usually signifies an expectation that the bearer will never leave prison).
Barbed wire on the forearms or around the wrist signifies years served. Bells indicate a sentence served in full. Birds over horizon: . A single cat means the bearer worked alone; several cats mean the bearer was part of a gang. Alternately, can signify cleverness.
Celtic Cross: Part of the racist white power movement. It has also been used to represent crosshairs of a gun, meaning that wearer is a hit man and he too will meet a violent end one day. The number of spires or towers can represent the years a prisoner has been incarcerated, or number of times he has been imprisoned. A cross at the top of the spire indicates that the sentence was paid in full.
This symbolizes criminal accomplishments. When a skull symbol is portrayed with it, it usually designates a man as a murderer.
Epaulets are decorated with certain crests and symbols in the sections where one can see the skull there prior to conviction, especially when it was of any significance. Madonna and baby Jesus indicates that the bearer is 'clean before his friends' in that he will never betray them to authorities. May also symbolize having become a criminal early in life. Mermaid: indicates a conviction of child molestation. MIR: The Russian word for .
Probably given unwillingly as a mark of humiliation. Lenin, Karl Marx, and Friedrich Engels: Usually tattooed across the chest or over vital organs. Mostly characteristic of the Old regime; prisoners would tattoo them because the firing squad could not shoot the images of USSR's founding fathers. Rose (white- dried): Death is preferable to loss of virtue. A few other versions are that the wearer is a drug addict, like an insect trapped in a spider's web he is trapped in some kind of a narcotic web, or that it signifies time in prison as each ring of the spider web represents one year in prison. Tombstones represent the loss of time.
You may see the number of years that are served (i. Indicative of hostility to the USSR and communism, or to government authority in general.
Stars: Worn on the knees: signifies that the owner will kneel before no man. Stars: Worn on the shoulders: Signifies that the owner is a man of discipline, status, and tradition. Men will also receive stars when promoted to . Previously indicative of hatred for the Soviet regime and a preference to serve even the Nazis rather than the communists. Cross: A small cross either on the forehead, finger or between the thumb and forefinger is sometimes seen on convicts as a symbol of serving time in prison.
There is another category of tattoos. Though these tattoos were once common among working class Japanese, the practice was banned following the Meiji restoration. During the US occupation after WWII, this law was repealed, but tattoos are now considered part and parcel of being a yakuza and nothing else, leading tattoos to becoming a big taboo in Japan. Australia. Prisoners often modified these tattoos to conceal the original design or to express wry or rebellious messages. This tattoo represents the individual between the four walls of the prison cell (un homme entre quatre murs. One of the most well- known criminal tattoos is the teardrop tattoo.
The dots represent that you have earned your keep in your gang. The three dots would represent the 1. Jennings; Bryanna Hahn Fox; David P.
Farrington (January 1. An Examination of the Causal Relationship between Tattoos and Life- Course Offending among Males from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development.
Archived from the original on October 3. Russian convicts use body language of their very own - -- prison tattoos spell out lives of crime and establish the hierarchy of inmates.
Wall Street Journal.^. Foreigner prisoner support service. Russia journal; prison gave artist a career in the skin trade. The Washington Post.^ ab. The Mark of Cain (2. Russian criminal tattoos; DVD, ASIN B0. UBDV8^Tattoo Motif and Symbolism^Spider Web Tattoos - What Do They Mean?^.
S., and Sergei Vasiliev. Russian Criminal Tattoo Encyclopaedia. Journal of Mundane Behavior. Archived from the original on June 1, 2. Russian convicts use body language of their very own - -- prison tattoos spell out lives of crime and establish the hierarchy of inmates. Wall Street Journal.
Glover, S. A marked man from tattoo to taps; violence: Out of jail and 3. Los Angeles Times.
Lina Goldberg, Gang Tattoos: Signs of Belonging and the Transience of Signs. Hiatt, F. Gulag no longer, but still the lower depths; for many of the 1 million Russian prisoners, life inside is `Equal to torture'.
The Washington Post (Pre- 1. Fulltext). Top tattoos, . Russia journal; prison gave artist a career in the skin trade. The Washington Post.